![]() ![]() Software does not include any Open Source Software (as defined below).īy “you,” we mean the purchaser, recipient or other end user of the Product containing the Software or the purchaser, recipient or other end user of the Software on a standalone basis. “Software” means any and all firmware programs and associated files provided with respect to the Product any and all software programs, applications or “apps” and associated files provided with respect to the Product all modified versions of and upgrades or improvements to such programs (such as those provided via web-based updates), all subsequent versions of such programs, and all copies of such programs and files. This Software is licensed to you by Belkin and, where applicable, by Belkin’s suppliers. YOU MAY OPT OUT OF SUCH ARBITRATION AND CLASS ACTION WAIVER AS PROVIDED IN SECTION 17. IF YOU ARE LOCATED IN THE UNITED STATES, THIS AGREEMENT CONTAINS A DISPUTE RESOLUTION AND BINDING ARBITRATION PROVISION IN SECTION 17, INCLUDING A CLASS ACTION WAIVER THAT AFFECTS YOUR RIGHTS WITH RESPECT TO DISPUTES YOU MAY HAVE WITH BELKIN. IF YOU DO NOT ACCEPT THE TERMS OF THIS AGREEMENT AND YOU PURCHASED A PRODUCT CONTAINING THE SOFTWARE FROM AN AUTHORIZED RETAILER, RESELLER OR APP STORE (AS DEFINED BELOW), YOU MAY BE ELIGIBLE TO RETURN THE PRODUCT FOR A REFUND, SUBJECT TO THE TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF THE APPLICABLE RETURN POLICY. IF YOU DO NOT AGREE TO ALL OF THESE TERMS, DO NOT CHECK THE BOX OR CLICK THE BUTTON AND/OR DO NOT USE, COPY OR INSTALL THE SOFTWARE, AND UNINSTALL THE SOFTWARE FROM ALL DEVICES THAT YOU OWN OR CONTROL. ALSO, BY USING, COPYING OR INSTALLING THE SOFTWARE, YOU ARE AGREEING TO ALL THE TERMS OF THIS AGREEMENT. PLEASE READ THIS AGREEMENT CAREFULLY BEFORE INSTALLING OR USING THIS PRODUCT.īY CHECKING THE BOX OR CLICKING THE BUTTON TO CONFIRM YOUR ACCEPTANCE WHEN YOU FIRST INSTALL THE SOFTWARE, YOU ARE AGREEING TO ALL THE TERMS OF THIS AGREEMENT. ![]() This End-User License Agreement (this “Agreement”) is a legal document that contains the terms and conditions under which limited use of certain Software (as defined below) that operates with the Product is licensed to you. Belkin International, Inc., including all affiliates and subsidiaries (“Belkin”, “us” or “we”) thanks you for choosing one of our Belkin, Linksys or Wemo products (the “Product”). ![]()
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![]() This can also open up great money conversations to have with your child (here's how to talk to your kids about money, in case you wanted some help with that). ![]() Look through these kid's budget worksheets, and pick one or two to try out with your child. One of the most important money management skills for kids to learn? Is how to budget. I’m excited to put together a roundup of awesome youth budget worksheets and even sample budget templates for teenagers and kids – it’s one step closer to teaching your child how to manage their money. Then, they can see patterns, get up-close-and-personal with the reality of what they earn versus what they want to buy, and make better financial decisions. Kids learning how to budget need to get in the habit of writing everything out. You know, where you just wing it each month, check in a few times on your checking account, and figure everything will work itself out? ![]() It’s an “aha” moment that all of us have when we sit down and crunch what’s really happening.įor kids and elementary students, budget worksheets are even MORE important because they haven’t had enough experience to even attempt to “mind budget”. – the reality of their finances almost smacks them over the head. The printable monthly budget from Coupons for your family is another great 1 page budget worksheet.Once they actually write out the numbers – the income, the spending, etc. Free Printable Monthly Budget from Coupons For your Family: This helps you to see any progress you make on saving and if you are overspending during the month. In this printable you can track your starting balances in your checking and savings account.Īnd then at the end of the month you add in your ending balances. Saving Dollars and Sense has a nice 1 page monthly budget printable. Saving Dollars and Sense Monthly Budget Template These pages will help you see where your money is going each and every month, which is super important as you budget and work toward getting ahead with your finances. Included in this printable are three pages: a monthly budget to set your finances for the month, a Bill payments sheet so you can make sure that no bill gets forgotten and an expenses sheet to track your money throughout the month. The Momma Diaries has some fun budgeting pages that are super easy to download. T he Momma Diaries: Printable Budget Sheets from The Momma Diaries They even designed these printables to have two versions, so you can choose which one you like a little better. I tried really hard to make this a super useful tool to help you jumpstart your budgeting journey. ![]() Yes, I am starting the list with my free budget planner I created for you. So if it is hard at first, don’t give up! 10 Free Printable Monthly Budget Templates to transform your finances Free Printable Budget Planner from Savvy Frugal Mom The more you work on your budget, the easier it will get. Once you have your budget filled out, put it where you will see it and can refer to it often-planner, vision board, on the fridge, on the mirror. Compare your total income to your total expenses and savings goals. Fill in your monthly bills (all your bills, including debt payments)ĥ. Print out the free printable template of your choiceģ. I promised you using a budgeting printable would be easy. Plus, physically writing things down make them stick better in your brain. But when just starting out, nothing beats seeing your finances in front of you in black and white. Using online templates or an excel budget are great once you get a better handle on your finances. When you are just getting started on budgeting, I always suggest start with pen and paper. Using a template allows you to really “see” your money-what you have coming in and where it is going out. Templates also help you to keep track of your income, expenses, debt payments and savings goals. You literally fill in the blanks on the page and watch your budget come to life. RELATED ARTICLE: How to use a Budget CalendarĪ budget template is a simple worksheet that you print out and then use to create the budget for your family. ![]() If you need help getting started with your budget, here are some great resources! And it just gives me one less thing to worry about! It helps us to stay organized and better understand where our money is going. We still use a budget template for our personal finances each and every month. That is why I went on a search to find you some great FREE resources in the form of free budgeting templates. Then a budget is what you need! And creating a budget is super easy when you use a printable budget template.Īnytime we can make life a little easier, I am all for it! Free Printable Budget Worksheets to help you get startedĪre you ready to take control of your finances? Are you ready to stop wondering where your money went and start making progress on your financial goals? ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() It’s a shame that Dying Light’s story can’t match the highs of these random encounters and experiences. It’s this need to restock your inventory that forces you back out into the danger zone, with each trip carrying equal amounts of danger and excitement. You can upgrade your items with modifications and elemental effects to deal more damage, and repair them a limited number of times before they inevitably break, but you’ll constantly be on the lookout for replacement gear. combat feels visceral, with zombies recoiling realistically from your swings - particularly once you unlock more damaging power attacks and context-sensitive finishing moves. Crane might have a mean swinging arm, but all weapons eventually break after too much use wear one down enough at the wrong moment and you’ll quickly get swamped by attackers. With any zombie attack dealing lots of damage, any very close encounter - whether it be a Volatile or simply a crowd of regular zombies - carries a risk. Instead, you’ll need to rely on an array of improvised melee weapons to avoid drawing too much attention. They can climb small obstacles, chase you across the map, and dodge your attacks, so it’s worth saving firearms for emergencies to stay undetected. Viral zombies, akin to the 28 Days Later “runner”-style undead, will be on you in a matter of seconds, and are much more dangerous than regular shamblers. There’s only a small selection of guns strewn throughout Harran, and using them instantly draws attention to your location. It gets rather crowded, but rarely reaches Ubisoft-like levels of clutter. Movement doesn’t feel as natural or fluid as Mirror’s Edge, with Crane hauling himself up over tall obstacles rather than gracefully scaling them, but it’s enough liven up the numerous optional objectives and fetch quests that litter the map. Protagonist Kyle Crane is something of a free running expert, able to climb almost anything, vault over walls and leap across rooftops to avoid the slow-moving zombies on the streets below. ![]() It’s true that the downtrodden slums of Turkish city Harran aren’t as picturesque as the beaches of Dead Island’s Papua New Guinea, but a new day/night cycle and acrobatic parkour movement transform the experience. Both put a heavy emphasis on melee combat, and both can be tackled co-operatively with three friends. On the surface, Dying Light should be little more than a rehash of Dead Island both are first person adventures set in an exotic location, currently under siege by the living dead. Amazingly, it has fallen to developer Techland, whose previous efforts Dead Island and its expand-alone Dead Island: Riptide were distinctly average at best, to put a fresh spin on the undead formula. It’s not unfair to say that zombies are some of the most overused tropes of modern gaming - we’ve been fighting them off for years now across a multitude of genres and it was beginning to get a little stale. ![]() ![]() ![]() It is supported by all kinds of media players, devices, operating systems and video platforms. MP4 is a good choice if you need a video of smaller size to open it on a mobile device or some web service.įollow several simple steps listed below to convert MKV into MP4 with AVS Video Converter. MP4 is one of the most universal multimedia formats today. Besides, you need a special software compatible with Matroska to play it. However, MKV is really bulky as compared to other formats. It has a perfect resolution and a free license, supports almost all video and audio coding formats. MKV is a feature-rich format that can hold an unlimited number of content types. It would be wrong to say that one is better than the other, but it is clear that each of them meets users’ individual needs. ![]() To sum it up, the two compared formats have their pros and cons. Still, they are different and, hence, have strong and weak points when it comes to some particular purposes. Let us take a closer look at each of the two. They are both suitable for online streaming. MKV and MP4 are high-quality container formats and hold videos, audios, images and subtitles. Free AVS Video Converter solves the problem easily converting your MKV files into more popular formats like MP4 without losing quality. It happens mostly because some file extensions like MKV are incompatible with many media players and web services. Users often get confused when they download a free video, but their player can’t open it. By AVS 21 January 2020 0 How to Convert MKV to MP4 ![]() ![]() The absolute best Gr.3 car on Gran Turismo 7 is the Dodge Viper SRT GT3-R with the highest top speed in the Gr.3 class. What is the best GR3 car on Gran Turismo 7? It allows you to brake very deep into the corner thus helping you shave off precious tenths of a second from your lap time. The Lambo GT3 is nother very popular choice in Gran Turismo 7 thanks to its great performance and overall braking efficiency. It’s got an impressive drag efficiency which makes it really fast on the straights also thanks to its powerful engine 3. The Ferrari 458 GT3 is another top choice in the Gr.3 class. The car was introduced in 2016 and is one of the best cars to race on in GT7 thanks to its great traction and aerodynamics. The Mercedes-AMG GT3 is a world-class racing car that’s based on the Mercedes-AMG GT road car. Let’s now have a look at some of these Gr.3 cars in more detail. The best Gr.3 cars in Gran Turismo 7 are: The Gr.3 cars category refers to the real-life FIA GT3 category which includes brands like Ferrari, Porsche, Mercedes, BMW and Lamborghini.įor Gran Turismo 7 though, this class also includes GT500 cars from the JGTC era. ![]() So without further ado, let’s dive into it. That’s why we’ve taken the time to research and share with you some of the fastest Gr.3 cars among them.īetween Ferraris, Porsches, McLarens and Lamborghinis you’ll find all the ones you’ve been dreamed about driving for the first time. Having Gran Turismo 7 more than 420 cars listed, it becomes a pretty daunting task to filter and discover the best Gr.3 cars among them. ![]() Looking for a complete list of Gr.3 cars in Gran Turismo 7 and also the best ones among them? ![]() ![]() So, for an average user JRE would be sufficient, but since we would be developing with Java, we would download the JDK. Here you may face a question, which one to download, JDK or JRE? JRE stands for Java Runtime Environment, which is the platform dependent Java Virtual Machine to run Java codes, and JDK stands for Java Development Kit, which consists of most of the development tools, most importantly the compiler javac, and also the JRE.
![]() ![]() If you sincerely meant that prayer, congratulations! Welcome to the family of God!” (The Purpose Driven Life, pp. ‘Jesus, I believe in you and I receive you.’ Go ahead. Wherever you are reading this, I invite you to bow your head and quietly whisper the prayer that will change your eternity. Receive his Spirit, who will give you the power to fulfill your life purpose. Believe that no matter what you’ve done, God wants to forgive you. Believe God has chosen you to have a relationship with Jesus, who died on the cross for you. Believe God loves you and made you for his purposes. “If you are not sure you have done this, all you need to do is receive and believe. In chapter 7, “The Reason for Everything,” Warren explains to his readers how they can become a Christian. He is so shallow in his teaching, so positive in his approach, so slighting of repentance, so neglecting of unpopular doctrines such as hell and judgment and repentance, so tolerant of heresies, so enthusiastic of rock music, so soft-spoken on that nasty subject of worldliness, that apostate America can’t help but love him.Īll of these characteristics are reflected in his best-selling book.Ī FOUNDATIONAL ERROR IN WARREN’S BOOK IS THE EXTREME SHALLOWNESS AND INSUFFICIENCY OF HIS GOSPEL Rick Warren has been called “America’s pastor,” and it is for good reason. Richard Bennett observes, “The movement is becoming a global empire.” He has provided materials and teaching to Christians in more than 117 countries on all seven continents. Over 60,000 pastors subscribe to Rick Warren’s Ministry Toolbox. Over 12,000 churches from all 50 states in America and 19 countries have participated in Warren’s 40 Days of Purpose, which is drawn from the book. ![]() Simultaneously, Warren’s 40 Days of Purpose campaign was shown by telecast in more than 4,000 churches, including independence Baptist.īruce Ryskamp, president of Zondervan, said, “The Purpose Driven Life is more than a bestseller it’s become a movement.” For example, Warren conducted a Purpose Driven Super-Conference in October 2003 at Jerry Falwell’s Liberty University in Lynchburg, Virginia (Falwell affiliated with the Southern Baptist Convention and the Baptist Bible Fellowship). Many independent Baptist churches are being influenced by Warren’s teaching. It reaches into every sphere of Christianity in our day, from Catholicism to Mormonism to liberal Protestantism to evangelicalism to fundamentalist Bible and Baptist churches. Saddleback is associated with the Southern Baptist Convention, but Warren’s “Purpose Driven” philosophy has spread to most denominations.Ĭalled by Christianity Today “America’s most influential pastor,” Warren’s influence is vast. T he book “The Purpose Drive Life” by Rick Warren of Saddleback Church in southern California has sold more than 18 million copies. ![]() ![]() ![]() The jigsaw pieces also have a beautiful textured linen finish, which helps to stop any pesky glare from putting you off your puzzling.īEAUTIFUL DESIGN THAT’S ACTUALLY FUN TO PUT TOGETHER Our puzzle pieces are extra thick to make them durable and strong, and they fit together oh-so-perfectly every time. We believe that every piece of a jigsaw should look and feel great (and that includes the box!) so that you can display it proudly on a coffee table or bookshelf, rather than hiding it away in a cupboard. Our premium-quality jigsaw puzzles are designed in the UK and made here in Europe to the highest possible standards. Just group one set of coloured pieces together and the rest of the puzzle will follow quickly afterwards! Each pixel is slightly different, and they gradually merge together to complete the entire colour spectrum. Our pixel-filled puzzle might look impossible but it’s actually a surprisingly easy jigsaw puzzle. The fact that the entire game is free is amazing as I definitely would have paid to get my Picross puzzle fix.Take a step back from the screen and embrace your inner square with this pretty pixelated jigsaw puzzle from Cloudberries! This is a fresh new twist on our original gradient jigsaw puzzle, with 280 individually coloured sections to piece together. ![]() With a couple of tweaks, this will be a five star game. Zooming is inconvenient because it is important to be able to see the entire puzzle. Cursor controls don’t make sense on a mobile device and direct taps on the puzzles get difficult on large puzzles. Tap and drag can be used to fill in multiple blocks or Xs as well. I like the controls from some of the other Picross games out there on mobile devices that allow me to drag the cursor around from touching anywhere on the screen and tapping to swap between blank, X, or filled in. I don’t want to have to set a timer, especially if I can’t get to solving it right away. It would be a five star game if it was capable of notifying me that a new boss puzzle attempt was ready. The old songs are awesome, especially when I hear Contra’s stage 1 or Bloody Tears. I enjoy the random selection of the puzzle as well, wondering what category I will get next. Love the puzzles need notifications, better controlsĪs a Picross fan, I love flying through these puzzles. But other than that, it’s a fun type of gameplay, and well-made, and totally free. Well, that, and as far as I know there’s no way to transfer your save game from one device to another, which is a shame. The only real catch I know of is I’m not sure how well this works on an iPhone just because you might have to zoom around, I played it entirely on an iPad where you can easily see the entire board at once. Update: I just finished the game after playing it off and on for three years! I don’t regret my time spent with it. It’s worth money, and is a real, full game.they’re just giving it away for free, so get it! If you like logical puzzles, or picross specifically, it’s absolutely worth grabbing this. If you run out, it recharges one after 10 minutes, infinite times. Initially I assumed when you ran out of “hints” that it would try to sell you more, but it doesn’t. Regardless, this is a real, fun, full game with hours of gameplay to enjoy. Part of me wonders if the point of this is to keep up the copyright on some of these characters or something. It’s basically Nintendo’s Picross, but from Konami with Konami owned characters. ・Running fewer apps at one time will decrease likelihood of app becoming unstable.ĭownloading this game is a no-brainer. Take on Boss Puzzle challenges and collect small puzzle pieces to complete one jumbo pixel art piece!įrogger, Contra, Bomberman, Mystical Ninja, Castlevania, Parodius, Life Force, Gradius, Block Hole, Sunset Riders, Nemesis, Track & Field, Star Soldier, TwinBee, Milon's Secret Castle, Yie Ar Kung-Fu, Crazy Cross.and more!Īlso known as nonograms, pixel logic puzzles are absorbing and addictive puzzles that use number clues and easy-to-follow logic to reveal awesome color pictures! If you love old-school games and enjoy puzzles games such as number place, crosswords, jigsaw and other brain teasers-this is the game for you! Loads of puzzles to play, and tons of collectable pixel art on the go! Solve picture puzzles as if you were filling out a coloring book!Ĭomplete puzzles to uncover full-color characters from iconic nostalgia games! No in-game purchases or upgrades-this game is entirely free from beginning to end! Solve the puzzles and collect fun pixel art of your favorite characters! See your favorite game characters in the form of picture logic puzzles! ![]() ![]() Glue them together with masonry adhesive. They’re flat on the top and bottom so they stack neatly, and some interlock for added strength. To make building stone walls easier, you can use blocks made from cast concrete and molded to look like real stone (available at any home center). The pit must be located far from overhanging trees, the house, and any other flammable structure. So the first task in building any fire pit is checking local codes on open flames. That’s especially important in the parts of the country where there’s a risk of brush fires. A flame feature like this can create a cozy focal point in your home, as well as offer greater privacy and protection from the wind.A built-in fire pit is a glorified campfire, with sturdy walls of stone that help contain the flames and heat. The components, the burner, and the seating of this fire pit are all below-ground. Sunken Fire Pitsįire pits with sunken bases have a unique look. If you plan to use a linear fire pit as a fire table, make sure your flame size is appropriate if it is too big, guests won't be able to stay close. Having less width than round or square fire pits, they are more accommodating for sitting, and more conducive to socializing. In addition to its contemporary appearance, a linear fire pit offers versatility. It has the advantage of conserving more space, but it may be more difficult to fit as many people around the fire pit. Modern fire pits are square or rectangular in shape. Curves are also incorporated into their designs to complement landscapes. Traditional round fire pits look great in many spaces. We can make some recommendations if you do not have a specific shape in mind: Round Fire Pits Fire Pit ShapesĪny fire pit will look good if it is done correctly, regardless of the shape. Refer to your manual for specific clearances. Gas supply to your fire pit needs to be sufficient to keep it going.Ĭonsider your space's size. Additionally, BTU requirements typically increase as well. Material costs increase with larger burners. Stainless steel and brass are different materials that cost very different amounts. It is highly likely that the size of your fire pit will depend on your budget, your space, and the fuel supply available to you.īurners can vary significantly in price depending on the materials they are made from. Still, you should be aware of a few things. Personal preference will play a greater role in these decisions. You will just need to determine your fire pit size and shape after examining your budget, fuel supply, and usability. ![]() The requirements of a homeowner who builds a fire pit in their backyard do not match those of a construction contractor designing fire pits for a business.īefore purchasing components for your fire pit, it is a good idea to determine if there will be any restrictions. Use CasesĬonstructing your fire pit should take into account how and who will use it. But the size and shape of your pit will be limited. On the other hand, a standard grill tank will be an easier install. Several factors determine how many BTUs a fire pit will have, including its diameter. Important factors to consider include the material of the gas pipe, its size, and how far it must travel to the fire pit. Consult experts before relocating a gas line because it may be the most expensive part of your fire pit. During this part of the process, it's a good idea to work with a professional.Ī gas line should always be installed correctly the first time there's nothing worse than laying a gas line before determining what type of gas supply you need. Fuel Typeįueling your fire pit with propane or natural gas can be tricky no matter the kind of gas you are using. Avoid this hassle all together by checking your local codes first. ![]() It is a costly mistake to purchase a fire pit, install components, and then have to alter the design afterwards because of local codes. Guidelines are generally simple to follow - if at all they are given - but we should always be on the lookout for any unknowns. You should review any local codes related to fire pit construction before starting your fire pit planning process. If you plan to do more than a small propane tank connection, you will need to hire a professional gas technician. We'll cover many different factors in these guides that can impact the cost of fire pit kits. You should know, even just roughly, how much you want to spend before you start designing the pit. When planning a fire pit project, always create a budget. ![]() Read on for more information on each topic. Here’s a quick overview of what we’ll cover: Before you buy your first fire pit, review this buying guide to learn everything you need to know. Fire pits are simple to build! The following comprehensive guide can help you build the backyard fire feature of your dreams. ![]() ![]() ![]() However, in the low-velocity areas, the true viscosity is much higher than this constant, when non-Newtonian rheological models could simulate the blood viscosity variations in different shear strain rates ( Gijsen et al., 1999 Jahangiri et al., 2017). With increasing flow velocity and shear strain rate, blood flows more smoothly ( Moon et al., 2014) and its viscosity decreases toward a constant, which has been commonly used as the viscosity of blood in a Newtonian model ( Jahangiri et al., 2017). In most of the previous CFD studies on ICAS, blood was simulated as a Newtonian fluid for simplicity ( Leng et al., 2014, 2019 Nam et al., 2016 Liu et al., 2018 Chen et al., 2020), despite the fact that blood is a non-Newtonian fluid with a shear-thinning nature ( Nader et al., 2019). Both indices have been associated with the risk of stroke relapse in patients with symptomatic ICAS: those with a lower PR (i.e., larger translesional pressure gradient) and excessively elevated focal WSS at the ICAS lesion had significantly higher risk of recurrent stroke despite optimal medical treatment ( Leng et al., 2019). On the other hand, the relative change of wall shear stress (WSS) at the stenotic throat as compared to WSS at proximal “normal” vessel segment, has also been proposed to reflect the hemodynamic impact of an ICAS lesion on plaque growth and rupture ( Lan et al., 2020). For instance, translesional pressure ratio (PR), calculated as the ratio of the pressures distal and proximal to an ICAS lesion obtained in a CFD model, has been put forward to reflect the hemodynamic significance of ICAS ( Liebeskind and Feldmann, 2013). ![]() In recent years, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling based on conventional neurovascular imaging has been applied to simulate in vivo cerebral blood flow and quantify cerebral hemodynamic metrics in the presence of ICAS, which cannot be achieved with conventional neurovascular imaging alone ( Liebeskind et al., 2016 Linfang Lan, 2017 Liu et al., 2018 Chen et al., 2020).Ĭomputational fluid dynamics modeling studies have indicated that global and focal cerebral hemodynamics may play an important role in governing the risk of stroke recurrence in patients with symptomatic ICAS ( Leng et al., 2014, 2019). Intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS) is a major cause for ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack (TIA) in Asian populations ( Wong, 2006). In the transient model, the rheological difference of WSS areas with low WSS was enhanced, especially during diastolic period.Ĭonclusion: Newtonian fluid model could be applicable for PR calculation, but caution needs to be taken when using the Newtonian assumption in simulating WSS especially in severe ICAS cases. As to WSS, in static models (virtual and patient-specific), the rheological difference was not obvious in areas with high WSS, but observable in low WSS areas. Results: In all the static and transient simulations, the Newtonian/non-Newtonian difference on PR value was negligible. In all the simulations, we compared the PR and WSS values in CFD models derived with Newtonian, Casson, and Carreau-Yasuda fluid assumptions. We measured translesional pressure ratio (PR) and wall shear stress (WSS) values in all CFD models, to reflect the changes in pressure and WSS across a stenotic lesion. We also performed transient simulations on another patient-specific model. We performed static simulations on these models with Newtonian and two non-Newtonian (Casson and Carreau-Yasuda) fluid models. We also constructed CFD models in three patients with ICAS of different severities in the luminal stenosis. Methods: We built a virtual artery model with an eccentric 75% stenosis and performed static CFD simulation. We aimed to investigate the differences of cerebral hemodynamic metrics quantified in CFD models built with Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluid assumptions, in patients with ICAS. 4Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Chinaīackground: Newtonian fluid model has been commonly applied in simulating cerebral blood flow in intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS) cases using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling, while blood is a shear-thinning non-Newtonian fluid. ![]()
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